NCLEX RN Questions Urinary System
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Question 1 of 5.
Extract:The following scenario applies to the next 1 items The medical-surgical nurse is caring for a 67-year-old client Item 1 of 1 Nurses' Note 1535: Client returned from hemodialysis via stretcher to assigned room. The client was alert, oriented x 4. Denied any pain. He stated he felt ‘tired and dizzy.' The client reported that the dizziness occurred when he quickly changed positions. The client was assessed, and vital signs were obtained. Vital Signs • Temperature 97° F (36° C) • Pulse 94/minute; irregular • Respirations 14/minute • Blood Pressure 91/58 mm Hg • Oxygen saturation 92% on room air Assessment Neurological: Alert and completely oriented; reports dizziness. Pupils, equal, round, and reactive to light. Cardiovascular: Peripheral pulses intact; no edema; S1/S2 heart tones. Positive bruit and thrill in left arm A/V fistula. Gauze dressing applied which is dry with a scant amount of dry blood Respiratory: Diminished lung sounds, occasional cough GI/GU: Normoactive bowel sounds in all quadrants. Anuria. Skin: Warm and dry Medical History • End-stage renal disease (ESRD) • Uncontrolled hypertension • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease • Atrial fibrillation
The nurse reviews the nursing note, vital signs, assessment, and medical history. Which clinical data is most concerning to the nurse? Select all that apply.
A. A/V fistula assessment
B. Oxygen saturation
C. Pulse
D. Blood pressure
E. Neurological assessment
F. Temperature
G. Anuria
Explanation: Irregular pulse, low blood pressure (91/58 mmHg), dizziness, and anuria indicate potential cardiovascular and renal complications post-hemodialysis.
Question 2 of 5.
A client was admitted to the emergency department due to low serum calcium levels. Upon further examination, the client demonstrates carpopedal spasms and reports numbness in their lips and hands. An ECG revealed a prolonged QT interval. Based on this information, the nurse should suspect which condition?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Hyperparathyroidism
D. Hypoparathyroidism
Explanation: Hypoparathyroidism leads to low serum calcium levels, causing symptoms like carpopedal spasms, numbness, and prolonged QT interval due to decreased parathyroid hormone.
Question 3 of 5.
The nurse is caring for a client with urge incontinence. Which of the following actions would be appropriate for the nurse to take?
A. Administer prophylactic antibiotics.
B. Teach the client intermittent self-catheterization.
C. Have the client void on a timed schedule.
D. Provide caffeinated beverages with meals.
Explanation: Timed voiding helps manage urge incontinence by preventing bladder overfilling, reducing involuntary contractions.
Question 4 of 5.
The nurse is assessing assigned clients. Which client has a risk for urinary retention? Select all that apply.
A. A 78-year-old man diagnosed with an enlarged prostate.
B. An 83-year-old woman on bed rest.
C. A 75-year-old woman with vaginal prolapse.
D. An 89-year-old man with dementia.
E. A 73-year-old woman on antihistamines to treat allergies.
F. A 90-year-old man with difficulty walking to the restroom.
Explanation: Enlarged prostate, vaginal prolapse, dementia, antihistamines, and mobility issues impair bladder emptying, increasing urinary retention risk.
Question 5 of 5.
The nurse is caring for a client who is severely hypernatremic. The nurse should prioritize assessing the client's
A. cardiovascular status.
B. genitourinary status.
C. neurological status.
D. gastrointestinal status.
Explanation: Hypernatremia affects neurological status due to cellular dehydration, causing confusion, seizures, or coma, requiring priority assessment.
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