NCLEX RN Questions Urinary System
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Question 1 of 5.
The nurse is assessing a client with an acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following findings would support a diagnosis of AKI?
A. hypernatremia
B. metabolic alkalosis
C. oliguria
D. hypokalemia
Explanation: Oliguria is a hallmark of AKI due to reduced kidney perfusion and filtration.
Question 2 of 5.
A client was admitted to the emergency department due to low serum calcium levels. Upon further examination, the client demonstrates carpopedal spasms and reports numbness in their lips and hands. An ECG revealed a prolonged QT interval. Based on this information, the nurse should suspect which condition?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Hyperparathyroidism
D. Hypoparathyroidism
Explanation: Hypoparathyroidism leads to low serum calcium levels, causing symptoms like carpopedal spasms, numbness, and prolonged QT interval due to decreased parathyroid hormone.
Question 3 of 5.
The nurse is caring for a client with urge incontinence. Which of the following actions would be appropriate for the nurse to take?
A. Administer prophylactic antibiotics.
B. Teach the client intermittent self-catheterization.
C. Have the client void on a timed schedule.
D. Provide caffeinated beverages with meals.
Explanation: Timed voiding helps manage urge incontinence by preventing bladder overfilling, reducing involuntary contractions.
Question 4 of 5.
The nurse is assessing assigned clients. Which client has a risk for urinary retention? Select all that apply.
A. A 78-year-old man diagnosed with an enlarged prostate.
B. An 83-year-old woman on bed rest.
C. A 75-year-old woman with vaginal prolapse.
D. An 89-year-old man with dementia.
E. A 73-year-old woman on antihistamines to treat allergies.
F. A 90-year-old man with difficulty walking to the restroom.
Explanation: Enlarged prostate, vaginal prolapse, dementia, antihistamines, and mobility issues impair bladder emptying, increasing urinary retention risk.
Question 5 of 5.
The nurse is caring for a client who is severely hypernatremic. The nurse should prioritize assessing the client's
A. cardiovascular status.
B. genitourinary status.
C. neurological status.
D. gastrointestinal status.
Explanation: Hypernatremia affects neurological status due to cellular dehydration, causing confusion, seizures, or coma, requiring priority assessment.
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