NCLEX RN Questions on Endocrine System
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Question 1 of 5.
The nurse reviews laboratory data for a client with suspected diabetes mellitus (DM). Which action should the nurse take based on the client's hemoglobin A1C? See Exhibit.
A. assess the client for an infection
B. instruct the client that the results are within normal limits
C. assess the client's urine for glycosuria
D. educate the client on a diet with low-glycemic foods
Explanation: Without specific HbA1C values, a suspected DM diagnosis warrants dietary education on low-glycemic foods to manage blood sugar. Infection or glycosuria assessment depends on results, and normal limits are unlikely if DM is suspected.
Question 2 of 5.
The nurse has instructed a client with diabetes mellitus (type 1) about proper exercise. Which of the following statements by the client would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching?
A. I should carry a snack rich in protein just in case I feel shaky.
B. I will not take my prescribed daily glargine insulin if I plan on exercising.
C. I can initially expect my glucose level to rise with vigorous exercise, but if I continue exercising, my levels may eventually decrease.
D. I should start my exercise near the time that my insulin peaks.
Explanation: Vigorous exercise can initially raise blood glucose due to stress hormones, but prolonged activity increases glucose uptake by muscles, lowering levels. Carrying a carbohydrate-rich snack, not protein, is best for hypoglycemia. Insulin should never be skipped, and exercising at peak insulin time risks hypoglycemia.
Question 3 of 5.
The nurse preceptor observes a newly hired nurse care for a client with a myxedema coma. It would require follow up by the nurse preceptor if the newly hired nurse is observed
A. applying a cooling blanket to the client.
B. requesting a prescription for hydrocortisone.
C. removing the water pitcher from the bedside.
D. placing an oral endotracheal tube at the bedside for potential use.
Explanation: Myxedema coma is a severe hypothyroid state with hypothermia. A cooling blanket worsens this; a warming blanket is needed. Hydrocortisone addresses adrenal insufficiency, removing water prevents dilutional hyponatremia, and an endotracheal tube is prudent for potential respiratory support.
Question 4 of 5.
The nurse is assessing a client with hyperparathyroidism. Which of the following findings would support a diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism?
A. nephrolithiasis
B. hyperphosphatemia
C. diarrhea
D. halitosis
Explanation: Hyperparathyroidism increases calcium levels, leading to kidney stones (nephrolithiasis). Phosphorus levels drop, not rise, and diarrhea and halitosis are unrelated to this condition.
Question 5 of 5.
The nurse is caring for a client eight hours postoperative following a total thyroidectomy. Which of the following assessment findings indicate that the client is developing a complication?
A. Moderate amount of dried sanguineous drainage on the dressing
B. Oral temperature of 99.2°F (37.3°C)
C. Apical pulse of 56
D. The client reports a sore throat when speaking
Explanation: Excessive drainage post-thyroidectomy may indicate hemorrhage, a serious complication. A slightly elevated temperature, mild bradycardia, and sore throat are expected or less concerning in the immediate postoperative period.
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