NCLEX RN Questions on Endocrine System
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Question 1 of 5.
Extract:The following scenario applies to the next 1 items The nurse in physician's office is caring for a 41-year-old male Item 1 of 1 Nurses' Notes 1100 - Client presents for a routine follow-up and a medication refill. Client has no acute concerns and reports full adherence to his prescribed medications. Vital signs: T 97.5° F (36.4° C), P 90, RR 18, BP 138/88, pulse oximetry reading 96% on room air. Medical History • diabetes mellitus (type 2) • hyperlipidemia • hypertension • irritable bowel syndrome Current Medications • metformin 1 gram by mouth daily • glipizide 5 mg by mouth daily, before breakfast • lisinopril 40 mg by mouth daily • multivitamin 1 tablet by mouth daily • atorvastatin 80 mg by mouth daily
The nurse reviews the client's medical record. Please complete the sentence below from the list of options. Based on the August glycated hemoglobin A1C results the client is
A. going to require a prescription for insulin.
B. having frequent episodes of hyperglycemia.
C. demonstrating evidence of good glucose control.
D. None of the above
Explanation: Without specific HbA1C results, stable type 2 diabetes with adherence to metformin and glipizide suggests good control, assuming prior results were within target (<7%).
Question 2 of 5.
The nurse has instructed a client with diabetes mellitus (type 1) about proper exercise. Which of the following statements by the client would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching?
A. I should carry a snack rich in protein just in case I feel shaky.
B. I will not take my prescribed daily glargine insulin if I plan on exercising.
C. I can initially expect my glucose level to rise with vigorous exercise, but if I continue exercising, my levels may eventually decrease.
D. I should start my exercise near the time that my insulin peaks.
Explanation: Vigorous exercise can initially raise blood glucose due to stress hormones, but prolonged activity increases glucose uptake by muscles, lowering levels. Carrying a carbohydrate-rich snack, not protein, is best for hypoglycemia. Insulin should never be skipped, and exercising at peak insulin time risks hypoglycemia.
Question 3 of 5.
The nurse preceptor observes a newly hired nurse care for a client with a myxedema coma. It would require follow up by the nurse preceptor if the newly hired nurse is observed
A. applying a cooling blanket to the client.
B. requesting a prescription for hydrocortisone.
C. removing the water pitcher from the bedside.
D. placing an oral endotracheal tube at the bedside for potential use.
Explanation: Myxedema coma is a severe hypothyroid state with hypothermia. A cooling blanket worsens this; a warming blanket is needed. Hydrocortisone addresses adrenal insufficiency, removing water prevents dilutional hyponatremia, and an endotracheal tube is prudent for potential respiratory support.
Question 4 of 5.
The nurse is assessing a client with hyperparathyroidism. Which of the following findings would support a diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism?
A. nephrolithiasis
B. hyperphosphatemia
C. diarrhea
D. halitosis
Explanation: Hyperparathyroidism increases calcium levels, leading to kidney stones (nephrolithiasis). Phosphorus levels drop, not rise, and diarrhea and halitosis are unrelated to this condition.
Question 5 of 5.
The nurse is caring for a client eight hours postoperative following a total thyroidectomy. Which of the following assessment findings indicate that the client is developing a complication?
A. Moderate amount of dried sanguineous drainage on the dressing
B. Oral temperature of 99.2°F (37.3°C)
C. Apical pulse of 56
D. The client reports a sore throat when speaking
Explanation: Excessive drainage post-thyroidectomy may indicate hemorrhage, a serious complication. A slightly elevated temperature, mild bradycardia, and sore throat are expected or less concerning in the immediate postoperative period.
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