Infectious Disease NCLEX Questions
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Question 1 of 5.
Extract:The following scenario applies to the next 1 items The nurse in the emergency department is caring for a 19-year-old male client. Item 1 of 1 Nurses' Note Vital Signs Client reports right elbow pain and swelling for three days. The client says that he scraped his elbow while rollerblading, and it has become painful and swollen for the past two days. He reports waking up with a fever of 101.3°F (38.5°C) and feeling lightheaded. On assessment, the client appeared lethargic and pale. The client has a full range of motion in the elbow but reports pain with movement. The client reports pain of '7' on a scale from 0-10. The elbow has erythema with a large red bump, swollen and hot to the touch. Clear lung fields bilaterally. S1/S2 heart tones. Normoactive bowel sounds. Denies nausea. History of asthma and seasonal Allergies.
The nurse reports the assessment findings and vital signs to the primary healthcare provider (PHCP). Click to specify if the potential prescription is anticipated or contraindicated for this client.
A. Obtain peripheral vascular access
B. Administer albuterol via nebulizer
C. Collect blood cultures
D. Infuse hypertonic saline at 30 mL/kg
E. Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics
F. Collect serum lactic acid
Explanation: A: Peripheral access is needed for diagnostics and treatment. B: Albuterol is not indicated without respiratory symptoms. C: Blood cultures identify the infection source. D: Hypertonic saline is inappropriate for this case. E: Broad-spectrum antibiotics treat suspected infection. F: Serum lactic acid assesses for sepsis.
Question 2 of 5.
The nurse is educating a client who has been prescribed acyclovir for newly diagnosed shingles. Which information would be the most important for the nurse to include?
A. Take this medication 30 minutes before meals
B. Continue taking this medication until the rash resolves
C. If a dose is missed, take it with the next scheduled dose
D. Increase fluid intake while taking this medication
Explanation: Increasing fluid intake helps prevent nephrotoxicity, a potential side effect of acyclovir, which can affect kidney function, especially in patients with shingles who may be dehydrated.
Question 3 of 5.
The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client with Clostridium difficile. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A. Your family will need prophylactic antibiotics for two weeks.
B. Disinfect your countertops and other surfaces with isopropyl alcohol.
C. Wear a disposable surgical mask when you are out in public.
D. If possible, use chlorine bleach when laundering underwear.
Explanation: Chlorine bleach is effective in killing Clostridium difficile spores during laundering, which is critical for preventing reinfection and spread.
Question 4 of 5.
The nurse is caring for a client with a central venous catheter (CVC). The nurse knows which of the following is a common symptom of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI)?
A. Diarrhea
B. Fever and chills
C. Productive cough
D. Muscle spasms
Explanation: Fever and chills are hallmark symptoms of CLABSI, indicating a systemic infection originating from the catheter site.
Question 5 of 5.
The emergency department (ED) nurse is triaging a client who is highly suspected of having inhalation anthrax. The nurse should plan to
A. place a surgical mask on the client.
B. place the client in a room with negative airflow with an anteroom.
C. obtain a urine sample from the client.
D. report the situation to the hospital administration.
Explanation: Inhalation anthrax requires airborne precautions due to its high infectivity, necessitating a negative airflow room to prevent spread.
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