Infectious Disease NCLEX Questions
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Question 1 of 5.
The nurse is caring for a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which of the following conditions, if present in the client, should make the nurse concerned about the client developing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Select all that apply.
A. Chronic, progressive visual loss
B. Kaposi's sarcoma
C. Wilms sarcoma
D. Pulmonary tuberculosis
E. Peripheral neuropathy
F. Toxoplasma gondii
Explanation: Kaposi's sarcoma, pulmonary tuberculosis, and Toxoplasma gondii are AIDS-defining conditions indicating progression to AIDS.
Question 2 of 5.
The nurse is educating a client who has been prescribed acyclovir for newly diagnosed shingles. Which information would be the most important for the nurse to include?
A. Take this medication 30 minutes before meals
B. Continue taking this medication until the rash resolves
C. If a dose is missed, take it with the next scheduled dose
D. Increase fluid intake while taking this medication
Explanation: Increasing fluid intake helps prevent nephrotoxicity, a potential side effect of acyclovir, which can affect kidney function, especially in patients with shingles who may be dehydrated.
Question 3 of 5.
The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client with Clostridium difficile. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A. Your family will need prophylactic antibiotics for two weeks.
B. Disinfect your countertops and other surfaces with isopropyl alcohol.
C. Wear a disposable surgical mask when you are out in public.
D. If possible, use chlorine bleach when laundering underwear.
Explanation: Chlorine bleach is effective in killing Clostridium difficile spores during laundering, which is critical for preventing reinfection and spread.
Question 4 of 5.
The nurse is caring for a client with a central venous catheter (CVC). The nurse knows which of the following is a common symptom of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI)?
A. Diarrhea
B. Fever and chills
C. Productive cough
D. Muscle spasms
Explanation: Fever and chills are hallmark symptoms of CLABSI, indicating a systemic infection originating from the catheter site.
Question 5 of 5.
The emergency department (ED) nurse is triaging a client who is highly suspected of having inhalation anthrax. The nurse should plan to
A. place a surgical mask on the client.
B. place the client in a room with negative airflow with an anteroom.
C. obtain a urine sample from the client.
D. report the situation to the hospital administration.
Explanation: Inhalation anthrax requires airborne precautions due to its high infectivity, necessitating a negative airflow room to prevent spread.
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