NCLEX Endocrine Questions
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Question 1 of 5.
The nurse obtains a fingerstick blood glucose reading of 48 mg/dL for the client with type 1 DM. The client is to receive 6 units of regular and 10 units of NPH insulin now. Which is the nurse's best immediate intervention?
A. Administer the insulin that is due now.
B. Call the lab for a STAT serum glucose level.
C. Have the client choose foods for a meal now.
D. Provide juice with 15 grams of carbohydrates.
Explanation: Hypoglycemia is treated with 15 to 20 g of a simple (fast-acting) carbohydrate, such as 4 to 6 oz of fruit juice or 8 oz of low-fat milk.
Question 2 of 5.
The nurse administered 28 units of Humulin N, an intermediate-acting insulin, to a client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at 1600. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
A. Ensure the client eats the bedtime snack.
B. Determine how much food the client ate at lunch.
C. Perform a glucometer reading at 0700.
D. Offer the client protein after administering insulin.
Explanation: Humulin N peaks in 4–12 hours, risking nocturnal hypoglycemia. A bedtime snack prevents this. Lunch intake is irrelevant, morning glucose checks are too late, and protein alone is insufficient.
Question 3 of 5.
The client with type 2 diabetes controlled with biguanide oral diabetic medication is scheduled for a computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast of the abdomen to evaluate pancreatic function. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
A. Provide a high-fat diet 24 hours prior to test.
B. Hold the biguanide medication for 48 hours prior to test.
C. Obtain an informed consent form for the test.
D. Administer pancreatic enzymes prior to the test.
Explanation: Biguanides (e.g., metformin) are held 48 hours before contrast CT to prevent lactic acidosis due to contrast-induced kidney injury. High-fat diets, consent, and enzymes are irrelevant.
Question 4 of 5.
The client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) coma. Which assessment data should the nurse expect the client to exhibit?
A. Kussmaul's respirations.
B. Diarrhea and epigastric pain.
C. Dry mucous membranes.
D. Ketone breath odor.
Explanation: HHNS causes severe dehydration, leading to dry mucous membranes. Kussmaul's respirations and ketone odor are DKA-specific, and diarrhea/pain are less common.
Question 5 of 5.
Which assessment data indicate the client diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis is responding to the medical treatment?
A. The client has tented skin turgor and dry mucous membranes.
B. The client is alert and oriented to date, time, and place.
C. The client's ABG results are pH 7.29, PaCO2 44, HCO3 15.
D. The client's serum potassium level is 3.3 mEq/L.
Explanation: Alertness and orientation indicate resolving DKA, as cerebral function improves. Persistent dehydration, acidosis (pH 7.29), and hypokalemia are not signs of improvement.
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