Urinary NCLEX RN Questions
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Question 1 of 5.
The nurse cares for a client with a potassium of 3.2 mEq/L (mmol/L) [3.5-5 mEq/L, mmol/L]. Which of the following medications may cause this abnormality?
A. spironolactone
B. triamterene
C. prednisone
D. lisinopril
Explanation: Triamterene is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can cause hypokalemia by reducing potassium excretion. Spironolactone (A) also spares potassium but is less likely to cause hypokalemia. Prednisone (C) primarily affects glucose and sodium, not potassium. Lisinopril (D) may cause hyperkalemia, not hypokalemia.
Question 2 of 5.
The nurse is caring for a client whose latest lab results show a serum calcium level of 13.2 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L) [9-10.5 mg/dL, 2.12-2.52 mmol/L]. Which medication does the nurse expect to administer based on this lab result? Select all that apply.
A. Phosphorus
B. Calcitonin
C. Vitamin D
D. IV calcium gluconate
E. IV Bisphosphonates
Explanation: Calcitonin and bisphosphonates lower serum calcium levels in hypercalcemia by reducing bone resorption and increasing calcium excretion.
Question 3 of 5.
The nurse is assessing a client who was admitted four hours ago with hypomagnesemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a common cause of hypomagnesemia? Select all that apply.
A. Renal failure
B. Alcoholism
C. Anorexia nervosa
D. Diarrhea
E. Hypothyroidism
Explanation: Alcoholism, anorexia nervosa, and diarrhea cause magnesium loss through malnutrition, malabsorption, or gastrointestinal losses.
Question 4 of 5.
The nurse is teaching a client about consuming cranberry juice to prevent recurrent simple cystitis. The nurse understands that the treatment goal of consuming cranberry is to
A. increase the urine specific gravity.
B. increase the urine leukocyte count.
C. acidify the urine.
D. increase the protein in the urine.
Explanation: Cranberry juice acidifies urine, creating an unfavorable environment for bacterial growth, helping prevent cystitis.
Question 5 of 5.
The nurse is teaching a client who is scheduled for a 24-hour urine collection. The nurse should plan to
A. discard the second urine specimen and then start the collection.
B. discard the first and last urinary specimens.
C. discard the first urine specimen.
D. collect and retain all urinary specimens.
Explanation: The first urine specimen is discarded to ensure the collection reflects a full 24-hour period starting from an empty bladder.