Hematology NCLEX Practice Questions
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Question 1 of 5.
An 8-year-old boy is admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of acute lymphocytic leukemia. During a routine physical exam, numerous ecchymotic areas were noted on his body. The parent reported that the child has been more tired than usual personally more tired than usual lately. The parent says that the child has had a cold for the last several weeks and asks if this is related to the leukemia. The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that:
A. leukemia causes a decrease in the number of normal white blood cells in the body.
B. a chronic infection such as the child has had makes a child more likely to develop leukemia.
C. the virus responsible for colds is thought to cause leukemia.
D. having an infection prior to the onset of leukemia is merely a coincidence.
Explanation: Leukemia reduces normal white blood cells, impairing infection fighting, which may explain the prolonged cold. Infections do not cause leukemia.
Question 2 of 5.
The client diagnosed with leukemia is being admitted for an induction course of chemotherapy. Which laboratory values indicate a diagnosis of leukemia?
A. A left shift in the white blood cell (WBC) count differential.
B. A large number of WBCs that decreases after the administration of antibiotics.
C. An abnormally low hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) level.
D. Red blood cells (RBCs) that are larger than normal.
Explanation: Leukemia causes bone marrow suppression, leading to low Hb/Hct (C). Left shift (A) indicates infection, antibiotic response (B) suggests infection, and large RBCs (D) indicate megaloblastic anemia.
Question 3 of 5.
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia. Which assessment data warrant immediate intervention?
A. T 99, P 102, R 22, and BP 132/68.
B. Hyperplasia of the gums.
C. Weakness and fatigue.
D. Pain in the left upper quadrant.
Explanation: Left upper quadrant pain (D) suggests splenic rupture, a life-threatening AML complication. Vitals (A) are stable, gum hyperplasia (B) is expected, and fatigue (C) is common.
Question 4 of 5.
The nurse writes the problem of 'grieving' for a client diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Which collaborative intervention should be included in the plan of care?
A. Encourage the client to talk about feelings of loss.
B. Arrange for the family to plan a memorable outing.
C. Refer the client to the American Cancer Society's Dialogue group.
D. Have the chaplain visit with the client.
Explanation: Grieving requires collaborative support; ACS Dialogue group (C) provides peer support. Talking (A) is independent, outings (B) are nonspecific, and chaplain visits (D) are spiritual, not primary.
Question 5 of 5.
The 33-year-old client diagnosed with Stage IV Hodgkin's lymphoma is at the five (5)-year remission mark. Which information should the nurse teach the client?
A. Instruct the client to continue scheduled screenings for cancer.
B. Discuss the need for follow-up appointments every five (5) years.
C. Teach the client that the cancer risk is the same as for the general population.
D. Have the client talk with the family about funeral arrangements.
Explanation: Post-remission Hodgkin's requires ongoing cancer screenings (A) due to recurrence/second cancer risk. Follow-ups are more frequent than 5 years (B), risk remains elevated (C), and funeral plans (D) are premature.
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