Pharmacology Questions NCLEX
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Question 1 of 5.
You are caring for a hypertensive client with a new order for captopril (Capoten). Which information should the nurse include in client teaching?
A. Avoid green leafy vegetables
B. Restrict fluids to 1000 cc/day
C. Avoid the use of salt substitutes
D. Take the medication with meals
Explanation: Avoid the use of salt substitutes. Captopril can cause an accumulation of potassium or hyperkalemia. Clients should avoid the use of salt substitutes, which are generally potassium-based.
Question 2 of 5.
The client diagnosed with asthma is prescribed the mast cell inhibitor cromolyn. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching?
A. I will take two puffs of my inhaler before I exercise.
B. I will rinse my mouth with water after taking the medication.
C. After inhaling the medication, I will hold my breath for 10 seconds.
D. When I start to wheeze, I will use my inhaler immediately.
Explanation: Cromolyn is a prophylactic, not rescue, medication for asthma; using it during wheezing indicates misunderstanding. Pre-exercise use, breath-holding, and rinsing (though less critical) are correct.
Question 3 of 5.
The nurse is administering the following 1800 medications. Which medication should the nurse question before administering?
A. The sliding-scale insulin to the client who has just been released to have the evening meal.
B. The antibiotic to the client who is one (1) day postoperative exploratory abdominal surgery.
C. Metformin (Glucophage), a biguanide, to the client having a CT scan with contrast dye in the morning.
D. Protonix, a proton pump inhibitor, to the client diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease.
Explanation: Metformin must be held before contrast dye due to lactic acidosis risk if renal function is impaired; other medications are appropriate.
Question 4 of 5.
The HCP ordered an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor for the client diagnosed with a myocardial infarction. Which statement best explains the rationale for administering this medication to this client?
A. It will help prevent the development of congestive heart failure.
B. This medication will help decrease the client's blood pressure.
C. ACE inhibitors increase the contractility of the heart muscle.
D. They will help decrease the development of atherosclerosis.
Explanation: ACE inhibitors reduce afterload and prevent ventricular remodeling, lowering CHF risk post-MI, per ACC/AHA guidelines. BP, contractility, or atherosclerosis are secondary.
Question 5 of 5.
The client in end-stage renal disease is a Jehovah's Witness. The HCP orders erythropoietin (Epogen), a biologic response modifier, subcutaneously for anemia. Which action should the nurse take?
A. Question this order because of the client's religion.
B. Encourage the client to talk to his or her minister.
C. Administer the medication subcutaneously as ordered.
D. Obtain the informed consent prior to administering.
Explanation: Epogen is synthetic, not blood-derived, so it's acceptable for Jehovah's Witnesses. Administer as ordered; questioning, minister consultation, or consent are unnecessary.
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