NCLEX Genitourinary Questions
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Question 1 of 5.
Which assessment before and after peritoneal dialysis is most valuable in evaluating the outcome of treatment?
A. Pulse rate
B. Body weight
C. A Abdominal girth
D. Urine output
Explanation: Body weight is the most valuable assessment, as weight loss after dialysis indicates effective removal of excess fluid.
Question 2 of 5.
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with rule-out ARF. Which condition predisposes the client to developing prerenal failure?
A. Diabetes mellitus.
B. Hypotension.
C. Aminoglycosides.
D. Benign prostatic hypertrophy.
Explanation: Prerenal failure results from decreased renal perfusion. Hypotension reduces blood flow to the kidneys, directly causing prerenal ARF. Diabetes and aminoglycosides contribute to intrinsic renal damage, while BPH causes postrenal issues.
Question 3 of 5.
The client diagnosed with ARF is admitted to the intensive care department and placed on a therapeutic diet. Which diet is most appropriate for the client?
A. A high-potassium and low-calcium diet.
B. A low-fat and low-cholesterol diet.
C. A high-carbohydrate and restricted-protein diet.
D. A regular diet with six (6) small feedings a day.
Explanation: ARF patients require a restricted-protein diet to reduce urea production and a high-carbohydrate diet to provide energy, minimizing protein catabolism. High-potassium diets are contraindicated due to hyperkalemia risk, and low-fat or regular diets are less specific.
Question 4 of 5.
The UAP tells the nurse the client with ARF has a white crystal-like layer on top of the skin. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
A. Have the assistant apply a moisture barrier cream to the skin.
B. Instruct the UAP to bathe the client in cool water.
C. Tell the UAP not to turn the client in this condition.
D. Explain this is normal and do not do anything for the client.
Explanation: The white crystal-like layer is uremic frost, a result of urea crystallizing on the skin due to severe uremia in ARF. This is an expected finding and requires no specific intervention beyond routine skin care and dialysis to address uremia.
Question 5 of 5.
The male client diagnosed with CKD has received the initial dose of erythropoietin, a biologic response modifier, one (1) week ago. Which complaint by the client indicates the need to notify the health-care provider?
A. The client complains of flu-like symptoms.
B. The client complains of being tired all the time.
C. The client reports an elevation in his blood pressure.
D. The client reports discomfort in his legs and back.
Explanation: Erythropoietin can cause hypertension as a side effect, which is significant in CKD patients and warrants notifying the provider. Flu-like symptoms and fatigue are common and expected, while leg/back discomfort is less specific.