RN Musculoskeletal NCLEX Questions
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Question 1 of 5.
Extract:The nurse in the medical-surgical unit is caring for a newly admitted client. Item 5 of 6 History and Physical 1930: Client is a 45-year-old male who has a one-and-a-half-week history of pain, redness, and swelling in his right foot. He reported that the symptoms began after he accidentally cut his foot while walking barefoot in his backyard. Over the next few days, he developed pain and swelling around the cut, accompanied by redness and warmth. He went to urgent care two days later and was diagnosed with cellulitis in his right foot. He was prescribed antibiotics but could not afford the treatment. Three days ago, the pain escalated and was described as throbbing and constant, with a severity rating of 7/10 on the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. He states, "the pain is now in the bone of my foot; I don't know how else to describe it." He also noted occasional fever 101°F (38.3°C), chills, and general malaise. On physical examination, his right foot was erythematous, swollen, and warm to the touch. A 3 cm ulcer was noted on the plantar aspect of the right foot, with moderate purulent discharge present. The ulcer appeared deep, and palpation of the surrounding tissue elicited tenderness. There was limited range of motion in the right ankle due to pain. The distal pulses were palpable 2+, and there were signs of neuropathy in the feet (decreased sensation to light touch and pinprick). He has a medical history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (type two), obesity, peripheral neuropathy in all extremities, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and epilepsy. Orders 2100: Magnetic resonance imaging of the right foot without contrast Insert peripheral vascular access device Laboratory tests: blood culture and sensitivity (C & S), complete blood count (CBC), complete metabolic panel (CMP), lactic acid vancomycin 1 g, IV, every 12 hours Wound culture fentanyl 50 mcg IV, every 5 hours PRN pain Consultation Infectious Disease Consultation 2050: Client was evaluated and I strongly suspect osteomyelitis in his right foot. Labs are pending. Agree with admission and will follow closely. Nurses' Notes 2110: Orders received and reviewed. Vital signs: T 103° F (39.4° C), P 92, RR 18, BP 141/87, pulse oximetry reading 98% on room air. Client reports pain '8' on the Numerical Pain Scale.
The nurse reviews the physician's orders, client's laboratory data, and makes an entry into the nurses' notes. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Withhold administering the prescribed antibiotic and notify the physician.
B. Place a dressing over the client's wound before transporting the client to MRI.
C. Notify the physician to hold the ordered MRI because of the client's kidney function.
D. Instruct the client to remove all metal objects before the MRI.
E. Administer prescribed pain medication before the MRI.
F. Irrigate the wound with 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) before obtaining wound culture.
G. Request a prescription for a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
Explanation: B: A dressing protects the wound during transport. D: Removing metal prevents MRI interference. E: Pain medication improves comfort for MRI. F: Irrigation ensures a clean sample for culture. A and C require more data, and G is not urgent.
Question 2 of 5.
The nurse provides discharge instructions to a client with a newly applied fiberglass cast for a fractured radius. Which of the following statements by the client would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching?
A. The swelling can be reduced by keeping my extremity in a dependent position.'
B. The edges of the cast can be cut with scissors until I feel comfortable.'
C. To reduce pain and swelling, I should apply a warm compress.'
D. If my cast gets slightly wet, pat it dry with a towel and try drying it with a hair dryer set on the cool setting.'
Explanation: Drying a slightly wet fiberglass cast with a towel and a cool hair dryer is appropriate to prevent skin breakdown. A dependent position increases swelling, cutting the cast is unsafe, and warm compresses can worsen swelling and are not recommended.
Question 3 of 5.
Extract:The following scenario applies to the next 6 items The nurse in the medical-surgical unit is caring for a newly admitted client. Item 1 of 6 History and Physical 1930: Client is a 45-year-old male who has a one-and-a-half-week history of pain, redness, and swelling in his right foot. He reported that the symptoms began after he accidentally cut his foot while walking barefoot in his backyard. Over the next few days, he developed pain and swelling around the cut, accompanied by redness and warmth. He went to urgent care two days later and was diagnosed with cellulitis in his right foot. He was prescribed antibiotics but could not afford the treatment. Three days ago, the pain escalated and was described as throbbing and constant, with a severity rating of 7/10 on the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. He states, "the pain is now in the bone of my foot; I don't know how else to describe it." He also noted occasional fever 101°F (38.3°C), chills, and general malaise. On physical examination, his right foot was erythematous, swollen, and warm to the touch. A 3 cm ulcer was noted on the plantar aspect of the right foot, with moderate purulent discharge present. The ulcer appeared deep, and palpation of the surrounding tissue elicited tenderness. There was limited range of motion in the right ankle due to pain. The distal pulses were palpable 2+, and there were signs of neuropathy in the feet (decreased sensation to light touch and pinprick). He has a medical history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (type two), obesity, peripheral neuropathy in all extremities, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and epilepsy.
Which of the following findings in the history and physical requires follow-up?
A. Sensation in the feet
B. Drainage from wound
C. Peripheral pulses
D. Pain characteristics
E. Medical history
Explanation: Decreased sensation (neuropathy) risks further injury, purulent drainage suggests infection, pain characteristics indicate severity and progression, and uncontrolled diabetes and other conditions increase complication risk. Peripheral pulses are normal at 2+.
Question 4 of 5.
The nurse is caring for assigned clients. The nurse should recognize that the client at greatest risk for compartment syndrome is the client who has which of the following?
A. A left tibial fracture that was recently placed in a cast
B. Swelling in the ankles and is wearing compression stockings
C. Chronic osteomyelitis of the right femur
D. Skin traction following a left hip fracture
Explanation: A recent tibial fracture in a cast increases compartment syndrome risk due to swelling and pressure within a confined space. Ankle swelling, chronic osteomyelitis, and skin traction pose lower or different risks.
Question 5 of 5.
A nurse is taking care of a client that is status-post hand arthroplasty. When creating the care plan, which of the following nursing interventions should be avoided to prevent complications?
A. Encourage the client to perform finger and wrist exercises ten times per hour, using a full range of flexion and extension.
B. Place the client's personal items within reach of the client's non-operative arm.
C. Place the client's operative arm on a pillow to rest and keep it elevated.
D. Encourage the client to use the non-operative arm as much as possible.
Explanation: Excessive full range of motion exercises shortly after hand arthroplasty can strain the surgical site, risking damage or delayed healing. Elevation, using the non-operative arm, and placing items within reach are appropriate.
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