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Question 1 of 5.

Extract:The following scenario applies to the next 1 items The emergency department (ED) nurse is caring for a 66-year-old male client Item 1 of 1 History and Physical 2000: 66-year male arrives at the emergency department (ED) following a recommendation by his primary healthcare provider (PHCP). The client called his PHCP in the morning, reporting a headache, feeling unwell, fatigue, and thirst. He could not check his blood glucose because he reports being out of testing supplies for two weeks. He also reports being unable to take his prescribed antihypertensive and antidiabetic medications for one week because he lost his job. On exam, the client reports feeling fatigued and thirsty. He is alert and completely oriented. His physical exam was within normal limits except for a thready pulse with a rate of 119/minute. The client has a medical history of type II diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure (CHF), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. He is prescribed atorvastatin, metformin, and lisinopril. Vital Signs Oral Temperature 98o F (36.7o C) Pulse 119/minute Respirations 19/minute Blood pressure 98/52 mm Hg Oxygen saturation 96% on room air Physician Orders Obtain intravenous (IV) access Five units of regular insulin via intravenous push (IVP) Infuse two liters of 0.9% saline over one hour Obtain capillary blood glucose (CBG) every two hours Potassium chloride 20 mEq by mouth x 1 dose Implement seizure precautions

The nurse reviews laboratory work ordered by the primary healthcare provider (PHCP). The nurse obtains physician orders for this client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) . The nurse is preparing to implement the physician's orders. Which order should the nurse clarify with the physician?

A. Infuse two liters of 0.9% saline over one hour

B. Obtain capillary blood glucose every two hours

C. Potassium chloride 20 mEq by mouth

D. Implement seizure precautions

Explanation: Infusing 2 liters of saline in one hour is too rapid for HHS, risking fluid overload. Slower infusion (e.g., 1 liter over 2-4 hours) is safer. Other orders align with HHS management.

Question 2 of 5.

The nurse is caring for a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which of the following would indicate the client is achieving the treatment goals?

A. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) 71 mmHg

B. Potassium 3.3 mEq/L (mmol) [3.5-5 mEq/L]

C. Blood glucose 255 mg/dL (14.15 mmol/L) [70-110 mg/dL, 4.0-11.0 mmol/L]

D. Serum pH 7.33 [7.35 and 7.45]

Explanation: In DKA, treatment aims to correct acidosis, hyperglycemia, and electrolyte imbalances. A serum pH of 7.33 is closer to the normal range (7.35-7.45), indicating improvement in acidosis. MAP of 71 mmHg is low, potassium is below normal, and glucose remains elevated, suggesting ongoing issues.

Question 3 of 5.

The nurse supervises a graduate nurse caring for a client newly admitted for postoperative management following a thyroidectomy. Which of the following actions by the graduate nurse indicates effective planning of the client's care?

A. A bottle of sterile water and petroleum-based gauze is at the bedside.

B. Obtains a prescription for magnesium sulfate.

C. The bedside is prepared with a tracheostomy set, oxygen, and suction.

D. Applies a cervical collar to the client

Explanation: Post-thyroidectomy, airway obstruction from swelling or hemorrhage is a risk. A tracheostomy set, oxygen, and suction are essential for emergency airway management. Sterile water and gauze are insufficient, magnesium sulfate is unrelated, and a cervical collar may restrict breathing.

Question 4 of 5.

The nurse plans care for a client experiencing a hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar state (HHS). The nurse should anticipate which prescriptions from the primary healthcare provider (PHCP)?

A. 0.9% saline infusion

B. Glargine insulin

C. Sodium polystyrene

D. Sodium bicarbonate

Explanation: HHS involves severe hyperglycemia and dehydration. 0.9% saline corrects fluid loss. Glargine is long-acting and not ideal for acute HHS, sodium polystyrene treats hyperkalemia, and bicarbonate is rarely used unless pH is critically low.

Question 5 of 5.

Extract:The following scenario applies to the next 6 items The nurse in the clinic is caring for a 32-year-old female client. Item 1 of 6 Nurses' Notes 1559: Client reports to the outpatient clinic with reports of persistent fatigue, weakness, lethargy, and lower back pain over the last 8 months. She is also concerned because she has gained 24 pounds (10.9 kg) over the past 4 months. She stated that the weight gain has been so significant that she developed reddened streaks on her abdomen from the weight gain. The client is concerned because, over the past month, she has noticed she has been drinking more often and has had increased hunger. She has also noticed she is urinating more frequently. She went to urgent care one week ago and tested negative for urinary tract infection. She also noticed that her menstrual cycle has been irregular. She is not on birth control and took a home pregnancy test, which was negative. During the assessment, the client was fully alert and oriented. Clear lung sounds bilaterally. Skin was dry. Excessive facial hair was noted. 1+ pedal and ankle edema bilaterally. Peripheral pulses palpable, 2+, and regular. Body mass index (BMI) of 32. Vital signs: T 97.5° F (36.4° C), P 93, RR 18, BP 145/93, pulse oximetry reading 96% on room air. She is currently taking escitalopram for persistent depressive disorder. Laboratory Results Capillary Blood Glucose 1613: 254 mg/dL [70-110 mg/dL]

Select the client findings that require follow-up.

A. Capillary blood glucose

B. Peripheral pulse findings

C. Blood pressure

D. Not taking birth control

Explanation: Elevated glucose (254 mg/dL) suggests hyperglycemia, needing investigation. BP (145/93) indicates hypertension, requiring monitoring. Edema and BMI of 32 signal potential endocrine or cardiac issues. Peripheral pulses are normal and birth control is unrelated.

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