Pediatric NCLEX Questions
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Question 1 of 5.
The nurse receives a laboratory report result showing that the blood glucose is 48 mg/dL for a full-term newborn. Which action should be taken by the nurse?
A. Have the mother breastfeed her newborn now.
B. Immediately feed the infant water with 10% dextrose.
C. Report the results immediately to the health care provider.
D. Document the information in the newborn's medical record.
Explanation: Normal blood sugar values for a full-term newborn are 45-65 mg/dL. A value of 48 mg/dL is normal so the only action required is documentation. Feeding or reporting is unnecessary.
Question 2 of 5.
If the parents report all the following history findings to the nurse, which one is most closely correlated with an increased risk of rheumatic fever?
A. The child was exposed to measles within the past 4 weeks.
B. The child had a severe sore throat within the past 2 weeks.
C. The child is lethargic and no longer interested in schoolwork.
D. The child received a bump on the head while playing.
Explanation: Rheumatic fever is strongly associated with a recent streptococcal infection, such as a sore throat caused by group A Streptococcus. A severe sore throat within the past 2 weeks is a key risk factor, as it may indicate an untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal infection.
Question 3 of 5.
Which response by the nurse best explains why aspirin is preferred to acetaminophen (Tylenol) in the treatment of rheumatic fever?
A. Aspirin controls fever better.
B. Aspirin prevents infections.
C. Aspirin relieves joint inflammation.
D. Aspirin prevents cardiac enlargement.
Explanation: Aspirin is preferred in rheumatic fever due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which relieve joint inflammation and pain associated with polyarthritis. Acetaminophen lacks significant anti-inflammatory effects, making aspirin more effective.
Question 4 of 5.
Which of the following is a priority for the nurse to assess when testing the child's urine?
A. Blood in the urine
B. Bilirubin in the urine
C. Ketones in the urine
D. White blood cells in the urine
Explanation: In DKA, assessing for ketones in the urine is a priority, as ketonuria confirms the presence of ketones, a hallmark of DKA resulting from fat metabolism due to insulin deficiency.
Question 5 of 5.
Which response by the nurse best explains why insulin must be given subcutaneously?
A. The oral form of insulin can lead to the worsening of diabetes.
B. The oral form of insulin is not yet available for use.
C. Insulin is a protein that is destroyed by digestive enzymes.
D. Insulin given by the oral route causes severe vomiting.
Explanation: Insulin is a protein hormone that would be broken down by digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract if taken orally, rendering it ineffective. Subcutaneous administration ensures it reaches the bloodstream intact.