Gastrointestinal NCLEX Questions
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Question 1 of 5.
The nurse is preparing to care for the client diagnosed with hepatitis A. Which interventions should the nurse plan to include?
A. Teach the client to limit use of alcohol and drugs containing acetaminophen.
B. Provide a high-protein, high-carbohydrate diet with three large meals per day.
C. Wear gloves, mask, and gown when providing the client's personal cares.
D. Provide rest periods, alternating this with moderate activity during the day.
Explanation: A. Clients with viral hepatitis should avoid all alcohol and all medications containing acetaminophen, not just limit their use. B. Clients should eat small, frequent meals with a high-carbohydrate, moderate-fat, and moderate-protein content. C. It is not necessary to wear a mask when caring for an individual with hepatitis A. A gown and gloves should be worn when in contact with blood and body fluids. D. Rest is an essential intervention to decrease the liver's metabolic demands and increase its blood supply. Rest should be alternated with periods of activity to prevent complications and to restore health.
Question 2 of 5.
The male client tells the nurse he has been experiencing 'heartburn' at night that awakens him. Which assessment question should the nurse ask?
A. How much weight have you gained recently?
B. What have you done to alleviate the heartburn?
C. Do you consume many milk and dairy products?
D. Have you been around anyone with a stomach virus?
Explanation: Asking what the client has done to alleviate the heartburn helps the nurse understand the severity, triggers, and any self-management strategies, which are critical for assessing GERD. Weight gain, dairy consumption, or exposure to a stomach virus are less directly related to the immediate assessment of heartburn symptoms.
Question 3 of 5.
The nurse is caring for an adult client diagnosed with GERD. Which condition is the most common comorbid disease associated with GERD?
A. Adult-onset asthma.
B. Pancreatitis.
C. Peptic ulcer disease.
D. Increased gastric emptying.
Explanation: GERD is commonly associated with adult-onset asthma due to acid reflux irritating the airways, leading to bronchospasm. Pancreatitis and peptic ulcer disease are less directly linked, and increased gastric emptying is not a typical comorbidity.
Question 4 of 5.
The nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client diagnosed with GERD. Which signs and symptoms would indicate GERD?
A. Pyrosis, water brash, and flatulence.
B. Weight loss, dysarthria, and diarrhea.
C. Decreased abdominal fat, proteinuria, and constipation.
D. Midepigastric pain, positive H. pylori test, and melena.
Explanation: Pyrosis (heartburn), water brash (regurgitation of sour fluid), and flatulence are classic symptoms of GERD due to acid reflux and gas buildup. The other options include symptoms more associated with other conditions like peptic ulcer disease or systemic disorders.
Question 5 of 5.
The client is diagnosed with an acute exacerbation of ulcerative colitis. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
A. Provide a low-residue diet.
B. Rest the client's bowel.
C. Assess vital signs daily.
D. Administer antacids orally.
Explanation: During an acute exacerbation of ulcerative colitis, resting the bowel (often via NPO status or clear liquids) reduces inflammation and irritation. A low-residue diet is used in stable phases, daily vital signs are routine, and antacids are irrelevant.
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