Infectious Disease NCLEX Questions
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Question 1 of 5.
The nurse is planning a staff development conference about infectious diseases. Which of the following information should the nurse include? Select all that apply.
A. Ebola virus disease (EVD) requires contact and droplet precautions
B. Early treatment with prescribed ciprofloxacin is essential in the inhalation of anthrax
C. A client with inhalation of anthrax should be assigned to a room with monitored negative air pressure
D. Bubonic plague is spread by infected bird droppings
E. Bubonic plague produces a 'bull's eye' rash at the site of infection
Explanation: EVD requires contact and droplet precautions, ciprofloxacin is essential for anthrax, and negative air pressure rooms are needed for inhalation anthrax. Bubonic plague is spread by fleas, not bird droppings, and does not produce a bull's eye rash.
Question 2 of 5.
The nurse is educating a client who has been prescribed acyclovir for newly diagnosed shingles. Which information would be the most important for the nurse to include?
A. Take this medication 30 minutes before meals
B. Continue taking this medication until the rash resolves
C. If a dose is missed, take it with the next scheduled dose
D. Increase fluid intake while taking this medication
Explanation: Increasing fluid intake helps prevent nephrotoxicity, a potential side effect of acyclovir, which can affect kidney function, especially in patients with shingles who may be dehydrated.
Question 3 of 5.
The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client with Clostridium difficile. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A. Your family will need prophylactic antibiotics for two weeks.
B. Disinfect your countertops and other surfaces with isopropyl alcohol.
C. Wear a disposable surgical mask when you are out in public.
D. If possible, use chlorine bleach when laundering underwear.
Explanation: Chlorine bleach is effective in killing Clostridium difficile spores during laundering, which is critical for preventing reinfection and spread.
Question 4 of 5.
The nurse is caring for a client with a central venous catheter (CVC). The nurse knows which of the following is a common symptom of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI)?
A. Diarrhea
B. Fever and chills
C. Productive cough
D. Muscle spasms
Explanation: Fever and chills are hallmark symptoms of CLABSI, indicating a systemic infection originating from the catheter site.
Question 5 of 5.
The emergency department (ED) nurse is triaging a client who is highly suspected of having inhalation anthrax. The nurse should plan to
A. place a surgical mask on the client.
B. place the client in a room with negative airflow with an anteroom.
C. obtain a urine sample from the client.
D. report the situation to the hospital administration.
Explanation: Inhalation anthrax requires airborne precautions due to its high infectivity, necessitating a negative airflow room to prevent spread.
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