Pediatric NCLEX Questions
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Question 1 of 5.
The mother of a healthy 15-hour-old term newborn asks the nurse if the PKU blood test could be completed now on her infant because she and her infant are being discharged to home. Which statement should be the basis for the nurse's response?
A. The PKU test must be completed when the infant is at least 1 month of age.
B. The parents must be required to obtain the test within the first week after discharge if completed before 24 hours of age.
C. The PKU test is best if completed after the infant is 24 hours old but before 7 days of age.
D. The PKU test is not needed if the infant is tolerating feedings without diarrhea or vomiting.
Explanation: The PKU test is most accurate after 24 hours and before 7 days allowing sufficient protein intake. Early discharge requires follow-up testing and feeding tolerance doesn't exempt testing.
Question 2 of 5.
If the parents report all the following history findings to the nurse, which one is most closely correlated with an increased risk of rheumatic fever?
A. The child was exposed to measles within the past 4 weeks.
B. The child had a severe sore throat within the past 2 weeks.
C. The child is lethargic and no longer interested in schoolwork.
D. The child received a bump on the head while playing.
Explanation: Rheumatic fever is strongly associated with a recent streptococcal infection, such as a sore throat caused by group A Streptococcus. A severe sore throat within the past 2 weeks is a key risk factor, as it may indicate an untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal infection.
Question 3 of 5.
Which response by the nurse best explains why aspirin is preferred to acetaminophen (Tylenol) in the treatment of rheumatic fever?
A. Aspirin controls fever better.
B. Aspirin prevents infections.
C. Aspirin relieves joint inflammation.
D. Aspirin prevents cardiac enlargement.
Explanation: Aspirin is preferred in rheumatic fever due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which relieve joint inflammation and pain associated with polyarthritis. Acetaminophen lacks significant anti-inflammatory effects, making aspirin more effective.
Question 4 of 5.
Which of the following is a priority for the nurse to assess when testing the child's urine?
A. Blood in the urine
B. Bilirubin in the urine
C. Ketones in the urine
D. White blood cells in the urine
Explanation: In DKA, assessing for ketones in the urine is a priority, as ketonuria confirms the presence of ketones, a hallmark of DKA resulting from fat metabolism due to insulin deficiency.
Question 5 of 5.
Which response by the nurse best explains why insulin must be given subcutaneously?
A. The oral form of insulin can lead to the worsening of diabetes.
B. The oral form of insulin is not yet available for use.
C. Insulin is a protein that is destroyed by digestive enzymes.
D. Insulin given by the oral route causes severe vomiting.
Explanation: Insulin is a protein hormone that would be broken down by digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract if taken orally, rendering it ineffective. Subcutaneous administration ensures it reaches the bloodstream intact.