Urinary Elimination NCLEX RN Questions
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Question 1 of 5.
Extract:The following scenario applies to the next 1 items The nurse in the medical-surgical unit is caring for a client following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Item 1 of 1 Nurses' Notes 1241: The client arrived at the medical-surgical unit six hours post-operative from a TURP. The client was alert and oriented to person, place, time, and situation. The client has a three-way indwelling urinary catheter and is continuously irrigated with isotonic saline. Urine output is ketchup-like with medium to large clots. The client reports the need to urinate and reported pressure in the pelvic region, described as spasms. Intake and Output Intake – Continuous bladder irrigation: 550 mL Output – Indwelling catheter: 975 mL Vital Signs 1257: Blood Pressure 100/60 mm Hg Temperature 98° F (36.7° C) Heart rate 110/min Respiratory rate 19 breaths per minute Oxygen saturation 95% on room air
The client is demonstrating signs and symptoms of.
A. urinary catheter obstruction
B. hyponatremia
C. shock
D. urinary tract infection
Explanation: Ketchup-like urine with clots and pelvic pressure post-TURP indicate catheter obstruction.
Question 2 of 5.
The nurse reviews the lab values of a client and notes a serum sodium level of 125 mEq/L (mmol/L) [Reference range: 135-145 mEq/L (mmol/L)]. Which conditions does the nurse recognize as potential causes of this laboratory abnormality? Select all that apply.
A. syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
B. diabetes Insipidus
C. addison's disease (adrenal insufficiency)
D. psychogenic polydipsia
E. salt water drowning
Explanation: SIADH causes water retention, diluting sodium. Addison's disease reduces aldosterone, leading to sodium loss. Psychogenic polydipsia causes excessive water intake, diluting sodium.
Question 3 of 5.
The nurse is caring for a client on a medical floor. The nurse would recognize that which diagnosis increases the client's risk of developing hyperkalemia?
A. Cushing's syndrome
B. Acute renal failure
C. Cystic fibrosis
D. Bulimia nervosa
Explanation: Acute renal failure impairs potassium excretion, leading to hyperkalemia.
Question 4 of 5.
The nurse is reviewing labs for a client with a serum potassium level of 3.3 mEq/L (mmol/L) [3.5-5 mEq/L, mmol/L]. The nurse should take which essential action based on this laboratory result?
A. Educate the client on potassium-rich foods
B. Implement continuous telemetry monitoring
C. Obtain an order for calcium gluconate
D. Assess the client's neurological status
Explanation: Hypokalemia (low potassium) requires dietary education to increase potassium intake, as it does not typically necessitate telemetry or calcium.
Question 5 of 5.
The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client with renal failure. Which laboratory data requires immediate follow-up?
A. Blood urea nitrogen 50 mg/dL [10-20 mg/dL]
B. Serum potassium 6 mEq/L (mmol/L) [3.5-5.0 mEq/L]
C. Arterial blood pH 7.30 [7.35-7.45]
D. Hemoglobin 10.3 g/dL (1.03 g/L) [F: 12-16 g/dL (7.4 -9.9 mmol/L) M: 14-18 g/dL (8,7-11.2 mmol/L)]
Explanation: Hyperkalemia (6 mEq/L) requires immediate follow-up due to the risk of cardiac dysrhythmias.