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Gastrointestinal Disorders NCLEX RN

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Question 1 of 5.

Extract:The following scenario applies to the next 1 items The nurse in the medical-surgical unit cares for a client who is postoperative Item 1 of 1 Progress Notes Day 2 Status-post open (partial) gastrectomy. Client reports abdominal pain 6/10 on the Numerical Rating Scale. Client is still receiving patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) of fentanyl. Abdomen is taut with hypoactive bowel sounds in all quadrants. Reports passing no flatus. Endorses occasional nausea with no vomiting. Incision approximated with moderate serosanguinous drainage. Abnormal laboratory data noted: BUN 19 mg/dL (10 – 20 mg/dL); Creatinine 1.0 mg/dL (0.6 – 1.2 mg/dL); Potassium 3.3 mEq/l (3.5 – 5.0 mEq/l). Not tolerating a clear liquid diet, only consuming 10-15% of meals. No VS abnormalities. Day 3 Status-post open (partial) gastrectomy. Client reports abdominal pain 4/10 on the Numerical Rating Scale. Client is still receiving patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) of fentanyl. Abdomen is distended, with hypoactive bowel sounds in all quadrants. Reports passing no flatus and is hiccuping during the exam. Endorses persistent nausea and occasional vomiting with no relief from prescribed ondansetron. Incision approximated with scant serosanguinous drainage. Abnormal laboratory data noted: BUN 23 mg/dL (10 – 20 mg/dL); Creatinine 1.3 mg/dL (0.6 – 1.2 mg/dL); Potassium 3.1 mEq/l (3.5 – 5.0 mEq/l). Not tolerating a clear liquid diet, nursing reports 0% consumption of meals. VS showed an oral temperature of 99.5°F (37.5°C).

The client is at highest risk for [condition] as evidenced by the client's............and............

A. Paralytic ileus

B. Inadequate pain control

C. Hypokalemia

D. Infusion of fentanyl

E. Hypokalemia

F. Wound assessment

G. Infusion of fentanyl

Explanation: Paralytic ileus (A) is evidenced by hypoactive bowel sounds, no flatus, and hypokalemia (C), as low potassium (3.1 mEq/L) can contribute to ileus post-gastrectomy.

Question 2 of 5.

The nurse is caring for a client with appendicitis experiencing pain. Which pain relief method would be inappropriate for this client?

A. Applying ice packs to the abdomen

B. Practicing breathing exercises with the patient

C. Using a heating pad on the abdomen

D. Encouraging rest

Explanation: Using a heating pad on the abdomen is inappropriate for a client with appendicitis as it may increase inflammation or risk perforation of the appendix. Ice packs, breathing exercises, and rest are safer and more appropriate for pain management.

Question 3 of 5.

Extract:The following scenario applies to the next 1 items The nurse is caring for an older adult in the medical-surgical unit Item 1 of 1 Health History 84-year-old female was admitted to the medical-surgical unit with a three-day history of abdominal pain, distention, nausea, and persistent vomiting. She reports that she has not had a bowel movement in five days and has no appetite. Vital Signs Oral temperature 101.1° F (38.3° C) Pulse 108/minute Respirations 22/minute Blood pressure 100/64 mm Hg Oxygen saturation 96% on room air.

The nurse reviews the client's health history and vital signs. Click to specify if the findings are consistent with a small bowel obstruction or appendicitis. Each row must have at least one but may have more than one response option selected.

Description Options
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur.

Explanation: Small bowel obstruction: A (Unable to pass stool), B (Fever), C (Distended abdomen), E (Nausea and vomiting). Appendicitis: A, B, C, D (Right lower quadrant abdominal pain), E. Both conditions can present with these symptoms, though right lower quadrant pain is more specific to appendicitis.

Question 4 of 5.

Extract:The following scenario applies to the next 1 items The nurse in the emergency department (ED) cares for a 21-year-old male client Item 1 of 1 Nurses' Notes 1650: Client reports severe abdominal pain that radiates to his left shoulder. The client was tossing around the football with friends, and after being tackled, he began experiencing intense pain that worsened. He denies any medical history but is currently being treated for infectious mononucleosis and 'needed to get some fresh air,' so he started playing football with friends. During the assessment, the client was alert and fully oriented. He reports his abdominal pain is in the left upper quadrant, which radiates to his shoulder, as an 8/10 on the Numerical Rating Scale. Slight bruising was noted on the client's abdomen. A blotchy rash was observed on his back. His abdomen was slightly distended, taut, and tender to touch. Lung sounds are clear bilaterally. Peripheral pulses 2+. Skin is hot to the touch. Cervical lymphadenopathy is present. Vital signs: T 100.4°F (38°C), P 110, RR 21, BP 115/76.

Which of the following assessment findings require immediate follow-up? Select all that apply.

A. Reports of abdominal pain

B. Temperature

C. Pulse

D. Rash

E. Cervical lymphadenopathy

F. Abdominal assessment findings

Explanation: Severe abdominal pain (A), elevated pulse (C), and abnormal abdominal findings (F) such as distention and tenderness suggest a serious condition like a ruptured spleen, especially given the history of trauma and infectious mononucleosis. These require urgent evaluation.

Question 5 of 5.

The nurse is caring for a client who has ulcerative colitis (UC). The nurse should teach the client to [Select all that apply].

A. Eat consistent amounts of carbohydrates at mealtimes.

B. Avoid drinking fluids with meals.

C. Obtain recommended colon cancer screenings.

D. Avoid taking anti-diarrheal medication.

E. Increase the intake of non-caffeinated fluids during exacerbations.

Explanation: For ulcerative colitis, avoiding fluids with meals (B) aids digestion, regular colon cancer screenings (C) are critical due to increased risk, and increasing non-caffeinated fluids (E) prevents dehydration during exacerbations. Consistent carbohydrates (A) are not specific, and anti-diarrheals (D) may be used cautiously.

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