Hematology NCLEX Questions
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Question 1 of 5.
Extract:The following scenario applies to the next 1 items The nurse reviews a medical record of a client diagnosed with breast cancer Item 1 of 1 History Of Present Illness (HPI) Clinical History Client is a 56-year-old female whose routine mammogram showed a 2.3 x 4.5 cm lobulated mass in her left breast. A diagnosis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma was made following a biopsy.
For each portion of the clinical history, specify if it is a risk factor for breast cancer or not a risk factor: A. Body Mass Index 33
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Explanation: Obesity (BMI > 30) is a known risk factor for breast cancer due to increased estrogen production in adipose tissue. Age over 50 is a significant risk factor for breast cancer, as incidence increases with advancing age. A family history of breast cancer, especially in a first-degree relative like a mother, increases the risk of developing breast cancer. Iron-deficiency anemia is not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. HPV is associated with cervical cancer, not breast cancer. Nulliparity (never having given birth) is a risk factor for breast cancer due to prolonged exposure to estrogen without interruption by pregnancy.
Question 2 of 5.
The nurse is caring for clients on an oncology unit. Which neutropenia precautions should be implemented?
A. Hold all venipuncture sites for at least five (5) minutes.
B. Limit fresh fruits and flowers.
C. Place all clients in reverse isolation.
D. Have the clients use a soft-bristle toothbrush.
Explanation: Neutropenia increases infection risk; limiting fresh fruits/flowers (B) reduces microbial exposure. Holding venipuncture (A) prevents bleeding, reverse isolation (C) is excessive, and soft toothbrushes (D) prevent gum trauma but are secondary.
Question 3 of 5.
Which medication is contraindicated for a client diagnosed with leukemia?
A. Bactrim, a sulfa antibiotic.
B. Morphine, a narcotic analgesic.
C. Epogen, a biologic response modifier.
D. Gleevec, a genetic blocking agent.
Explanation: Epogen (C) stimulates RBC production, risky in leukemia due to blast proliferation. Bactrim (A) treats infections, morphine (B) manages pain, and Gleevec (D) targets CML.
Question 4 of 5.
The client diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is scheduled for a lymphangiogram. Which information should the nurse teach?
A. The scan will identify any malignancy in the vascular system.
B. Radiopaque dye will be injected between the toes.
C. The test will be done similar to a cardiac angiogram.
D. The test will be completed in about five (5) minutes.
Explanation: Lymphangiogram involves dye injection between toes (B) to visualize lymphatics. It's not vascular (A), unlike cardiac angiogram (C), and takes longer than 5 minutes (D).
Question 5 of 5.
Which test is considered diagnostic for Hodgkin's lymphoma?
A. A magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the chest.
B. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the cervical area.
C. An erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
D. A biopsy of the cervical lymph nodes.
Explanation: Lymph node biopsy (D) diagnoses Hodgkin's via Reed-Sternberg cells. MRI/CT (A, B) stage disease, ESR (C) is nonspecific.