NCLEX RN Questions on Neurological Disorders
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Question 1 of 5.
Extract:The following scenario applies to the next 1 items The nurse in the clinic is caring for a 46-year-old female Item 1 of 1 Nurses' Notes 0855: Client was brought to the clinic by her husband, who reports that she has been falling frequently, having difficulty remembering things, and numbness and tingling in the lower extremities. Onset was 2 weeks ago, with the falling and memory impairment worsening over the past week. The client was hospitalized 3 weeks ago because she ran out of medication, and her atrial fibrillation was giving her 'palpitations and shortness of breath.' Since refilling her medication, she has had no palpitations, chest discomfort, or dyspnea. The client's husband reports that he is worried about his wife's drinking because it has increased from three beers a day to five or six. She reports that her last drink was four days ago. On assessment, the client is alert and oriented to person, place, and time. Some speech latency was noted in her response. Her gait is unsteady, and had to be assisted to the examination room. Pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light with nystagmus. Skin is warm to touch and a normal color for ethnicity. Breathing is unlabored, and lung sounds are clear bilaterally. She reports occasional nonproductive cough. Bowel sounds present in all four quadrants. Peripheral pulses 2+ and irregular. Vital signs: T 97°F (36°C), P 72, RR 14, BP 136/78, pulse oximetry reading 97% on room air. Denies any pain, but reports tingling in her lower extremities.
Complete the diagram by dragging from the choices below to specify what condition the client is most likely experiencing, two (2) actions the nurse should take to address that condition, and two (2) parameters the nurse should monitor to assess the client's progress: Condition
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Explanation: Wernicke encephalopathy is likely due to memory impairment, ataxia, and nystagmus in the context of alcohol use. Thiamine is critical for Wernicke encephalopathy, and IV access facilitates its administration. Monitoring gait and level of consciousness assesses improvement in Wernicke encephalopathy.
Question 2 of 5.
The nurse is caring for an 82-year-old male client admitted to the hospital for pneumonia. Which of the following findings may indicate a change in mental status?
A. Confusion
B. Disorientation
C. Agitation
D. Delirium
E. Hypervigilance
Explanation: These findings (confusion, disorientation, agitation, delirium, hypervigilance) are all indicative of altered mental status, often seen in elderly patients with infections like pneumonia due to physiological stress or hypoxia.
Question 3 of 5.
The nurse is caring for a client following cervical spinal surgery. Which of the following assessments would require follow-up?
A. Active range of motion in both arms
B. Scant drainage on the dressing
C. Difficulty swallowing liquids
D. Soreness at the operative site
Explanation: Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) post-cervical spinal surgery could indicate complications like nerve damage or swelling, requiring immediate follow-up.
Question 4 of 5.
Extract:The following scenario applies to the next 1 items The nurse is caring for a 71-year-old female in the emergency department (ED) Item 1 of 1 Nurses' Note Diagnostics 1425: 71-year-old female arrives via EMS with a concern about a stroke. At approximately 1350 a client was at lunch with her family and suddenly stopped talking and fell to the right side. The client was unable to speak or follow verbal commands on the scene. Vital signs on arrival: 98.7° F (37.1° C), P 88, RR 18, BP 182/96. The client can blink her eyes and cannot follow verbal commands or express words. She is instructed to move each extremity but does not make any movement. Pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light. Right-sided facial drooping was noted. The client has a medical history of osteoarthritis, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation. 1427: A stroke alert was initiated at this time, and the client was transported to radiology for a STAT CT scan. 1438: Computed tomography scan completed. Physician at bedside evaluating the client and the results. 1444: Physician gave a verbal order for alteplase 0.9 mg/kg intravenous (IV) infuse over sixty minutes with a 10% alteplase bolus dosage given over one minute The nurse reviews the nurses' note entries from 1425, 1427, 1438, and 1444 and plans care for this client indicated
For each potential nursing intervention, click to specify if the intervention is indicated or not Indicated:
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Explanation: Accurate weight is critical for calculating the correct dose of alteplase for stroke treatment. Two peripheral IVs are needed for alteplase administration to ensure reliable access for the thrombolytic and other medications. NGT insertion is not immediately indicated post-alteplase unless swallowing difficulties are confirmed, to avoid complications. Baseline labs are essential to assess bleeding risk before administering thrombolytics like alteplase. Stroke patients receiving alteplase typically require ICU admission for close monitoring, not a medical-surgical floor. Frequent neurological assessments are critical post-alteplase to monitor for neurological changes or complications.
Question 5 of 5.
The nurse is discussing biological clocks with another nurse. What term is used to describe a human's innate biological clock relating to daytime and nighttime wakefulness and activity?
A. REM sleep
B. Circadian rhythm
C. Diurnal rhythm
D. Nocturnal activity
Explanation: Circadian rhythm refers to the body's 24-hour cycle regulating sleep and wakefulness.
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