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NCLEX RN Cardiovascular Questions

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Question 1 of 5.

Extract:The following scenario applies to the next 6 items The client is a 72-year-old male who presents to the emergency department with increasing shortness of breath over the past two days that gets worse when he is lying flat in bed at night. Item 1 of 6 History And Physical Nurses' Notes Flow Sheet 0700: The client is a 72-year-old male who presents to the emergency department with increasing shortness of breath over the past two days that gets worse when he is lying flat in bed at night. He states, "I feel like I can't catch my breath," and he had to sleep in a recliner. He reports a 4 lb weight gain over the last week and increasing fatigue. The client is alert and oriented but is using his accessory muscles to breathe. He reports feeling short of breath, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. He has bilateral pedal edema (+2), bilateral crackles heard upon auscultation, and jugular vein distention noted on his assessment. The the client has a medical history of hypertension, coronary artery disease, and a prior myocardial infarction. He was diagnosed with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) two years ago. Current home medications include lisinopril, metoprolol succinate, furosemide, and atorvastatin.

Click to indicate whether each clinical finding is seen in left-sided heart failure, right-sided heart failure, or both.

Description Options
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Explanation: A: Left-sided - Crackles result from pulmonary edema in left heart failure. B: Right-sided - Edema is due to systemic venous congestion in right heart failure. C: Left-sided - Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is caused by pulmonary congestion. D: Both - Fatigue occurs in both due to reduced cardiac output. E: Right-sided - Weight gain reflects fluid retention from right heart failure. F: Left-sided - Accessory muscle use indicates respiratory distress from pulmonary edema. G: Right-sided - Jugular vein distension is due to right heart failure.

Question 2 of 5.

The nurse is caring for a client with the below tracing on the electrocardiogram (ECG). The nurse should anticipate which prescription from the primary healthcare provider (PHCP)?

A. captopril

B. atropine

C. adenosine

D. diltiazem

Explanation: Atropine is used to treat bradycardia, which may be indicated by certain ECG tracings showing slow heart rates. Captopril is an ACE inhibitor for hypertension or heart failure, adenosine is used for supraventricular tachycardia, and diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker for rate control in atrial arrhythmias.

Question 3 of 5.

What is the correct documentation of the patient's peripheral pulse when the finding is that the posterior tibial pulse is weak and thready?

A. Grade C posterior tibial pulse

B. Posterior tibial pulse is Grade B

C. The client's posterior tibial is 2

D. Posterior tibial pulse is 1

Explanation: A weak and thready pulse is documented as a 1+ on a 0-4 scale, where 1 indicates a barely palpable pulse.

Question 4 of 5.

The nurse is caring for a client who appears to be developing heart failure (HF). Which of the following laboratory tests would the nurse expect the primary health care provider (PHCP) to prescribe to confirm the diagnosis?

A. Basic metabolic panel (BMP)

B. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)

C. Lipid profile

D. Troponin

Explanation: BNP is a specific biomarker elevated in heart failure, reflecting ventricular stress and fluid overload.

Question 5 of 5.

The nurse is caring for a client with the following tracing on the electrocardiogram (ECG). The nurse identifies this tracing as

A. sinus tachycardia.

B. supraventricular tachycardia.

C. ventricular tachycardia.

D. atrial flutter.

Explanation: Ventricular tachycardia is a life-threatening arrhythmia requiring immediate intervention, characterized by wide QRS complexes on ECG.

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