NCLEX Pharmacology
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Question 1 of 5.
A client in respiratory distress is admitted with arterial blood gas results of PH 7.30, PO2 58, PCO2 34, and HCO3 19. The nurse determines that the client is in
A. metabolic acidosis
B. metabolic alkalosis
C. respiratory acidosis
D. respiratory alkalosis
Explanation: metabolic acidosis. These lab values indicate metabolic acidosis: the PH is low, PCO2 is normal, and bicarbonate level is low.
Question 2 of 5.
The client asks the clinic nurse if he should take 2,000 mg of vitamin C a day to prevent getting a cold. On which scientific rationale should the nurse base the response?
A. Vitamin C in this dosage will help cure the common cold.
B. This vitamin must be taken with echinacea to be effective.
C. This dose of vitamin C is not high enough to help prevent colds.
D. Megadoses of vitamin C may cause crystals to form in the urine.
Explanation: Megadoses of vitamin C (>2,000 mg/day) can lead to oxalate crystal formation in urine, increasing kidney stone risk. Evidence for cold prevention is weak, and echinacea or higher doses are not supported.
Question 3 of 5.
The nurse is caring for an elderly client who is eight (8) hours postoperative hip replacement and is reporting incisional pain. Which intervention is priority for this client?
A. Assist the client to sit in the bedside chair.
B. Initiate pain medication at the lowest dose.
C. Assess the client's pupil size and accommodation.
D. Monitor the client's urinary output hourly.
Explanation: Pain management is the priority post-op to promote recovery and comfort; lowest dose minimizes side effects in the elderly. Sitting, pupil assessment, or urine output are secondary.
Question 4 of 5.
The nurse is preparing to administer Synthroid, a thyroid hormone replacement, to the client diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which assessment data would indicate the client is receiving too much medication?
A. Bradypnea and weight gain.
B. Lethargy and hypotension.
C. Irritability and tachycardia.
D. Normothermia and constipation.
Explanation: Excess Synthroid causes hyperthyroidism symptoms like irritability and tachycardia. Bradypnea, lethargy, or constipation suggest hypothyroidism.
Question 5 of 5.
The nurse is preparing to administer the morning dose of digoxin, a cardiac glycoside, to a client diagnosed with congestive heart failure. Which data would indicate the medication is effective?
A. The apical heart rate is 72 beats per minute.
B. The client denies having any anorexia or nausea.
C. The client's blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg.
D. The client's lungs sounds are clear bilaterally.
Explanation: Clear lung sounds indicate reduced fluid overload in CHF, a sign of digoxin's effectiveness in improving cardiac output. HR, nausea, or BP are less specific.
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