A 5-year-old boy is admitted because he bled profusely when he lost hi

Hematologic Disorders NCLEX Questions

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Question 1 of 5.

A 5-year-old boy is admitted because he bled profusely when he lost his first baby tooth. After a workup, he is diagnosed as having classic hemophilia. His mother asks the nurse if his two younger sisters will also develop hemophilia. What is the best answer for the nurse to give?

A. They will not develop the disease.'

B. Statistically, one of them is likely to develop the disease.'

C. They are not likely to get the disease, but they may be carriers.'

D. If it doesn't show up by the time they start school, they are unlikely to develop the condition.'

Explanation: Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder. Females are unlikely to develop the disease but may be carriers, especially if the mother is a carrier.

Question 2 of 5.

The nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia. Which assessment data support this diagnosis?

A. Fever and infections.

B. Nausea and vomiting.

C. Excessive energy and high platelet counts.

D. Cervical lymph node enlargement and positive acid-fast bacillus.

Explanation: AML causes neutropenia, leading to fever/infections (A). Nausea (B) is nonspecific, high platelets/energy (C) are incorrect (AML causes thrombocytopenia/fatigue), and acid-fast bacillus (D) indicates TB, not AML.

Question 3 of 5.

The laboratory results for a male client diagnosed with leukemia include RBC count 2.1 x 106/mm3, WBC count 150 x 103/mm3, platelets 22 x 103/mm3, K+ 3.8 mEq/L, and Na+ 139 mEq/L. Based on these results, which intervention should the nurse teach the client?

A. Encourage the client to eat foods high in iron.

B. Instruct the client to use an electric razor when shaving.

C. Discuss the importance of limiting sodium in the diet.

D. Instruct the family to limit visits to once a week.

Explanation: Low platelets (22,000) increase bleeding risk; an electric razor (B) prevents cuts. Iron (A) is for anemia, sodium (C) is normal (139), and limiting visits (D) is excessive.

Question 4 of 5.

The client asks the nurse, 'They say I have cancer. How can they tell if I have Hodgkin's disease from a biopsy?' The nurse's answer is based on which scientific rationale?

A. Biopsies are nuclear medicine scans that can detect cancer.

B. A biopsy is a laboratory test that detects cancer cells.

C. It determines which kind of cancer the client has.

D. The HCP takes a small piece out of the tumor and looks at the cells.

Explanation: A biopsy identifies Hodgkin's via Reed-Sternberg cells (C). It's not a scan (A), not just a lab test (B), and involves microscopic cell analysis (D is partial but less precise).

Question 5 of 5.

Which client should be assigned to the experienced medical-surgical nurse who is in the first week of orientation to the oncology floor?

A. The client diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who is having daily radiation treatments.

B. The client diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease who is receiving combination chemotherapy.

C. The client diagnosed with leukemia who has petechiae covering both anterior and posterior body surfaces.

D. The client diagnosed with diffuse histolytic lymphoma who is to receive two (2) units of packed red blood cells.

Explanation: Leukemia with extensive petechiae (C) indicates severe thrombocytopenia, requiring experienced assessment for bleeding. Radiation (A), chemotherapy (B), and transfusions (D) are less complex.