ATI NCLEX-RN Practice Questions

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Question 1 of 5.

A 52-year-old female client is admitted to the hospital in acute renal failure. She has been on hemodialysis for the past 2 years. Stat arterial blood gases are drawn on the client yielding the following results: pH 7.30, PCO2 51 mm Hg, HCO3 18 mEq/L, PaO2 84 mm Hg. The nurse would interpret these results as:

A. Compensated metabolic alkalosis

B. Respiratory acidosis

C. Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis

D. Combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis

Explanation: Compensated metabolic alkalosis would be reflected by the following: pH within normal limit (7.35-7.45), PCO2 >45 mm Hg, HCO3 >26 mEq/L. Respiratory acidosis would be reflected by the following: pH <7.35, PCO2 >45 mm Hg, HCO3 within normal limits (22-26 mEq/L). Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis would be reflected by the following: pH >7.45, PCO2 >45 mm Hg, HCO3 >26 mEq/L. Combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis would be reflected by the following: pH <7.35, PCO2 >45 mm Hg, HCO3 <22 mEq/L.

Question 2 of 5.

Acticoat (silver nitrate) dressings are applied to the legs of a client with deep partial thickness burns. The nurse should:

A. Change the dressings once per shift.

B. Moisten the dressing with sterile water.

C. Change the dressings only when they become soiled.

D. Moisten the dressing with normal saline.

Explanation: Acticoat dressings require moistening with normal saline to activate the silver ions for antimicrobial action and to maintain a moist healing environment.

Question 3 of 5.

A client hospitalized for treatment of congestive heart failure is to be discharged with a prescription for Digitek (digoxin) 0.25 mg daily. Which of the following statements indicates that the client needs further teaching?

A. I will need to take the medication at the same time each day.

B. I can prevent stomach upset by taking the medication with an antacid.

C. I can help prevent drug toxicity by eating foods containing fiber.

D. I will need to report visual changes to my doctor.

Explanation: Taking digoxin with an antacid can decrease its absorption, reducing effectiveness, so this statement indicates a need for further teaching.

Question 4 of 5.

A client is admitted to the emergency room with partial-thickness burns to his right arm and full-thickness burns to his trunk. According to the Rule of Nines, the nurse calculates that the total body surface area (TBSA) involved is:

A. 20%

B. 35%

C. 45%

D. 60%

Explanation: Per the Rule of Nines, the right arm is 9% and the trunk (anterior and posterior) is 36%. Partial- and full-thickness burns to the right arm and trunk approximate 35% TBSA.

Question 5 of 5.

A client with severe anemia is to receive a unit of packed red blood cells. In the event of a transfusion reaction, the first action by the nurse should be to:

A. Notify the physician and the nursing supervisor.

B. Stop the transfusion and maintain an IV of normal saline.

C. Call the lab for verification of type and cross match.

D. Prepare an injection of Benadryl (diphenhydramine).

Explanation: Stopping the transfusion and maintaining an IV of normal saline is the first action to prevent further reaction and stabilize the client.