Praxis 5857
Question 1 of 5.
A physical education teacher is working with teachers of inclusion kindergartens to determine the best way to adapt activities for students with disabilities. Which of the following is most likely to result in a productive collaborative relationship?
A. Establishing a hierarchy of leadership
B. Developing a common planning document
C. Complementing one another when teaming
D. Having co-planning debriefings once a month
Explanation: A productive collaborative relationship for inclusion requires that team members effectively utilize each other's strengths. 'Complementing one another when teaming' (choice C) means that teachers recognize and leverage each other's expertise, such as a physical education teacher's knowledge of movement and adaptations and a general education teacher's knowledge of classroom management and individual student needs. This ensures a comprehensive approach to student support. Establishing a hierarchy (choice A) can hinder collaboration. Developing a common planning document (choice B) and having co-planning debriefings (choice D) are important *tools* and *practices* for collaboration, but 'complementing' describes the effective dynamic of the relationship itself.
Question 2 of 5.
Listing possible solutions to problems and the consequences of behavior are steps most closely associated with the teaching of which of the following social skills?
A. Refusal
B. Goal setting
C. Decision making
D. Negotiation
Explanation: The process of listing possible solutions and evaluating the consequences of behavior is a fundamental component of 'decision making' (choice C). This systematic approach helps individuals weigh options and choose the most appropriate course of action. Refusal skills (choice A) involve strategies to decline peer pressure. Goal setting (choice B) involves identifying objectives and planning steps to achieve them. Negotiation (choice D) involves finding mutually acceptable solutions in a conflict. While elements of these skills might involve some level of decision-making, choice C directly encompasses the specified steps.
Question 3 of 5.
Which of the following health education standards represents the highest level of health literacy?
A. Self-management
B. Interpersonal communication
C. Understanding core concepts
D. Accessing information
Explanation: Health literacy involves the ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. 'Self-management' (choice A) represents the highest level because it involves applying health knowledge and skills to make personal decisions and take action to promote one's own health and well-being. Understanding core concepts (choice C) and accessing information (choice D) are foundational components of health literacy. Interpersonal communication (choice B) is a skill used to obtain or share information, but self-management integrates all these components into actionable behavior.
Question 4 of 5.
Rohypnol, GHB, ketamine, and alcohol have all been associated to which of the following?
A. Sexual assault
B. Motor vehicle accidents
C. Suicide
D. Gang initiations
Explanation: Rohypnol, GHB, and ketamine are known as 'date rape drugs' because they can incapacitate victims, making them vulnerable to 'sexual assault' (choice A). Alcohol, while not a date rape drug, can also impair judgment and lower inhibitions, making individuals more susceptible to sexual assault. While these substances can also contribute to motor vehicle accidents (choice B), and alcohol abuse is linked to suicide (choice C) and gang violence (choice D), their common association as a group (especially the first three) is with facilitating sexual assault.
Question 5 of 5.
The fight-or-flight response occurs when which of the following is triggered as a person perceives a real or imaginary stressor?
A. Integumentary system
B. Lymphatic system
C. Autonomic nervous system
D. Muscular system
Explanation: The fight-or-flight response is primarily mediated by the 'autonomic nervous system' (choice C), specifically its sympathetic branch. When a stressor is perceived, the sympathetic nervous system rapidly activates, releasing hormones like adrenaline and noradrenaline, which prepare the body for immediate action (increased heart rate, breathing, blood flow to muscles). The integumentary system (choice A) relates to skin, hair, and nails. The lymphatic system (choice B) is part of the immune system. The muscular system (choice D) is directly involved in the physical actions of fight or flight, but its activation is controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
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