NCLEX RN Questions on Neurological Disorders
Question 1 of 5.
The nurse is caring for an 82-year-old male client admitted to the hospital for pneumonia. Which of the following findings may indicate a change in mental status?
A. Confusion
B. Disorientation
C. Agitation
D. Delirium
E. Hypervigilance
Explanation: These findings (confusion, disorientation, agitation, delirium, hypervigilance) are all indicative of altered mental status, often seen in elderly patients with infections like pneumonia due to physiological stress or hypoxia.
Question 2 of 5.
The nurse is caring for a client following cervical spinal surgery. Which of the following assessments would require follow-up?
A. Active range of motion in both arms
B. Scant drainage on the dressing
C. Difficulty swallowing liquids
D. Soreness at the operative site
Explanation: Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) post-cervical spinal surgery could indicate complications like nerve damage or swelling, requiring immediate follow-up.
Question 3 of 5.
For each potential nursing intervention, click to specify if the intervention is indicated or not Indicated:
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Explanation: Accurate weight is critical for calculating the correct dose of alteplase for stroke treatment. Two peripheral IVs are needed for alteplase administration to ensure reliable access for the thrombolytic and other medications. NGT insertion is not immediately indicated post-alteplase unless swallowing difficulties are confirmed, to avoid complications. Baseline labs are essential to assess bleeding risk before administering thrombolytics like alteplase. Stroke patients receiving alteplase typically require ICU admission for close monitoring, not a medical-surgical floor. Frequent neurological assessments are critical post-alteplase to monitor for neurological changes or complications.
Question 4 of 5.
The nurse is discussing biological clocks with another nurse. What term is used to describe a human's innate biological clock relating to daytime and nighttime wakefulness and activity?
A. REM sleep
B. Circadian rhythm
C. Diurnal rhythm
D. Nocturnal activity
Explanation: Circadian rhythm refers to the body's 24-hour cycle regulating sleep and wakefulness.
Question 5 of 5.
The nurse is caring for a client with a basilar skull fracture. Which assessment finding requires immediate follow-up?
A. Periorbital ecchymosis
B. Retroauricular or mastoid ecchymosis
C. Temperature 100.9°F (38.3°C)
D. Headache
Explanation: Periorbital and retroauricular ecchymosis (raccoon eyes and Battle's sign) are hallmark signs of basilar skull fracture, requiring immediate follow-up.
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